| B.C. | |
| 14000000001 | ? |
| 14000000000 | Creation of atomic particles (source/cause unknown) > Birth of the known universe |
| 13000000000 | Atomic particles begin to form stars and other celestial matter |
| 11000000000 | Milky Way galaxy begins to form |
| 4500000000 | Sol planetary system begins to form > Birth of planet Earth |
| 4000000000 | Outgassing forms steam atmosphere > Condensation envelops Earth in water |
| 3500000000 | First organic cells develop (or arrive) via unknown means > Life on Earth begins |
| 2500000000 | Tectonic shifts form first large land masses above sea level |
| 1500000000 | Sexual reproduction evolves > First multicellular organisms develop |
| 1000000000 | First land-based microbes |
| 500000000 | First fish |
| 440000000 | Mass extinction (over 85% of all species vanish – cause unknown)
First non-aquatic plants |
| 400000000 | First insects |
| 370000000 | Mass extinction (over 80% of all species vanish – cause unknown)
First amphibians |
| 300000000 | First reptiles |
| 245000000 | Mass extinction (95% of all species vanish – cause unknown) |
| 210000000 | Mass extinction (75% of all species vanish – cause unknown)
First dinosaurs |
| 195000000 | First mammals and birds |
| 130000000 | First flowering plants |
| 65000000 | Asteroid collides with Earth > Mass extinction > Fall of the dinosaurs |
| 50000000 | First primates |
| 4000000 | First hominids in Africa [Ethiopia and Kenya] |
| 2000000 | Earliest stone and wooden tools > Earliest hunting spears |
| 1500000 | Earliest forms of clothing |
| 800000 | Hominid migrations begin into southern Africa and the Middle East |
| 700000 | Earliest controlled use of fire |
| 600000 | Hominid migrations continue into Europe and Asia |
| 450000 | First ice age peaks > Earliest artificial shelters |
| 200000 | Earliest forms of speech |
| 150000 | First 'modern' humans [Ethiopia and Sudan] |
| 130000 | Human migrations begin into southern Africa and the Middle East |
| 100000 | Earliest burials of the dead > Earliest concepts of life after death |
| 80000 | Human migrations continue into Europe and Asia |
| 60000 | Earliest boats > Migrations continue into Australia and Oceania |
| 50000 | Earliest cave wall paintings |
| 40000 | Earliest composite tools
Earliest counting devices |
| 30000 | Earliest pottery
Earliest cremations of the dead |
| 20000 | Migrations continue into North America via glaciers and Alaskan land bridge |
| 18000 | Most recent ice age peaks > Melting glaciers begin to raise sea level |
| 16000 | Earliest domesticated dogs |
| 14000 | Migrations continue into South America |
| 12000 | Melted glaciers and raised sea level disjoins Asia from North America |
| 11000 | Melted glaciers and raised sea level disjoins British Isles from European continent |
| 10000 | Melted glaciers and raised sea level disjoins Japanese islands from Asian continent
Agrarian settlements in Anatolia [Turkey] |
| 9000 | Agrarian settlements in Nile Valley [Egypt]
Agrarian settlements in Canaan [Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan] |
| 8000 | Agrarian settlements in Mesopotamia [Iraq and Syria]
Agrarian settlements in east Asia [China]
Rise of tribal nations throughout Africa
Sheep domesticated in Mesopotamia |
| 7000 | Copper mined in southern Asia [Iran]
Agrarian settlements along the upper Mediterranean [Greece]
Metallurgy developed in Mesopotamia |
| 6000 | Cattle domesticated in Anatolia
Wine developed in Mesopotamia
Pigs domesticated in east Asia [China]
Rise of Assyria in upper Mesopotamia [Iraq, Syria and Turkey] [MAP] |
| 5000 | Agrarian settlements in Nubia [Sudan] [MAP] |
| 4750 | Rise of Elam east of Mesopotamia [Iran] [MAP] |
| 4500 | Bronze technology developed in southeast Asia [Thailand] |
| 4250 | 365-day calendar developed in Nile Valley
Rise of Sumer in lower Mesopotamia [Iraq] [MAP] |
| 4000 | Wheel invented in Sumer
Agrarian settlements in Indus Valley [Pakistan and India]
Agrarian settlements in Mesoamerica [Mexico]
Metallic currency used in Anatolia and Indus Valley |
| 3761 | Year 1 in Jewish calendar (the creation of the universe) |
| 3750 | Rise of tribal nations in west Asia (Indo-Europeans) [Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan]
Rise of tribal nations in North America [USA and Canada] |
| 3500 | City-states established in Sumer
Base 10 numeric system developed in Nile Valley
Horses domesticated by Indo-Europeans
Hieroglyphic system of writing developed in Nile Valley |
| 3250 | Omni-directional migrations of Indo-Europeans begin |
| 3114 | Year 1 of 1st cycle in Mayan calendar (start of the Long Count) |
| 3100 | Kingdom of Egypt established in Nile Valley [MAP] |
| 3000 | Sailing vessels constructed in Egypt
Rise of China in east Asia |
| 2900 | Scribal schools open in Sumer |
| 2800 | Swords cast in Anatolia |
| 2700 | Silk production begins in China |
| 2637 | Year 1 of 1st cycle in Chinese calendar (year calendar was developed) |
| 2600 | Rise of Akkad in lower Mesopotamia [Iraq] [MAP]
Indo-European settlements in Anatolia > Rise of the Hittites [Turkey]
Chairs created in Egypt
Rise of the Amorites in lower Canaan |
| 2551-2472 | Giza Pyramids constructed in Egypt |
| 2500 | Kingdom of Kerma established in Nubia
Amorite settlements in lower Meopotamia
Glass produced in Egypt
Library built in Sumer |
| 2400 | Rise of Phoenicia (Sidonia) in upper Canaan [Lebanon] [MAP]
Camels domesticated in Arabia [United Arab Emirates]
Codes of law and punishment written in Sumer |
| 2335 | Akkad conquers Sumer > Kingdom of Sumer-Akkad established |
| 2300 | Sumer-Akkad conquers Assyria
Rise of Minoa on island of Crete [Greece] [MAP] |
| 2200 | Xia dynasty begins in China
Indo-Europeans in eastern Europe > Rise of the Slavs [Hungary, Slovakia, et al.] |
| 2113 | Sumerians revolt in Sumer-Akkad > Kingdom of Ur established [Iraq] |
| 2100 | Indo-Europeans north of Assyria > Rise of Armenia [MAP] |
| 2004 | Elam invades Sumer-Akkad and conquers Ur |
| 2000 | Indo-Europeans in central Europe > Rise of the Celts [Switzerland, Austria, et al.]
Rise of the Hebrews in lower Canaan
Rise of Maya in Mesoamerica [Mexico, Belize and Guatemala]
Indo-Europeans in Phoenicia, Assyria and Sumer-Akkad
Earliest forms of alchemy practiced in Egypt |
| 1990 | Death of Abram > Rise of Judaism in Canaan |
| 1900 | Assyrian colonies in Anatolia [Turkey]
Amorites establish Babylon in lower Mesopotamia [Iraq] [MAP]
Indo-Europeans in lower Canaan |
| 1800 | Xia Dynasty ends in China
Indo-Europeans in northern Europe > Rise of Germania [Germany, Denmark, et al.]
Egypt invades Phoenicia |
| 1760 | Babylon conquers Sumer-Akkad > Rise of Babylonian Empire |
| 1700 | Hebrew settlements in Egypt
Indo-Europeans north of Elam > Rise of Media [MAP]
Hittite Kingdom established [Turkey] [MAP] |
| 1620 | Hittite Kingdom invades Babylonian Empire |
| 1600 | Indo-Europeans in southern Europe > Rise of Mycenae [Greece] [MAP]
Indo-Europeans in Elam |
| 1520 | Shang Dynasty begins in China |
| 1500 | Egypt conquers Kerma
Indo-Europeans east of Elam > Rise of Persia [MAP]
Iron technology developed in Armenia
Mycenae invades Minoa
Hebrews leave Egypt and return to lower Canaan |
| 1450 | Minoan settlements on east Mediterranean island of Cyprus |
| 1400 | War between Hittite Kingdom and Egypt begins in Phoenicia
Indo-Europeans in Indus Valley > Rise of the Vedas > Rise of India
Egypt and Babylonian Empire form alliance |
| 1360 | Assyrian revolts begin in Babylonian Empire |
| 1300 | Rise of the Dorians north of Mycenae [Greece and Macedonia] |
| 1260 | First recorded peace treaty (Hittite Kingdom and Egypt) |
| 1250 | Mycenae conquers Minoa > Minoan refugees migrate east |
| 1200 | Minoans invade Hittite Kingdom
Egypt leaves Phoenicia
Celtic settlements in western Europe > Rise of Gaul [France, Belgium, et al.]
Minoan settlements in lower Canaan > Rise of Philistia [Palestine] [MAP]
Rise of Olmeca in Mesoamerica [Mexico] |
| 1200-1150 | Sea People, possibly Minoans or Dorians, attack Egypt and Phoenicia |
| 1190 | Fall of the Hittite Kingdom > Hittite refugees migrate south |
| 1150 | Assyrians conquer Babylonian Empire > Rise of Assyrian Empire
Kingdom of Lydia established [Turkey] [MAP]
War between Philistines and Hebrews begins in lower Canaan |
| 1100 | Celtic settlements on Iberian peninsula [Spain and Portugal]
Hittite settlements in Philistia
Dorians conquer Mycenae
Germanic settlements in Scandinavia [Norway, Sweden and Finland] |
| 1030 | Shang Dynasty ends in China > Zhou Dynasty begins |
| 1020 | Hebrews establish Kingdom of Israel in lower Canaan [MAP] |
| 1000 | Phoenician colonies along upper Mediterranean and Iberian peninsula |
| 922 | Israel divides > Southern Israel becomes Kingdom of Judah [MAP] |
| 900 | Rise of Nok in central Africa [Nigeria]
Celtic settlements in British Isles > Rise of Britain [UK]
Indo-Europeans in western China |
| 850 | Kingdom of Kush established in Nubia
Rise of Druidism in Gaul and Britain |
| 814 | Phoenician colony of Carthage established in north Africa [Tunisia] |
| 808 | Kingdom of Macedonia established |
| 800 | Fall of the Dorians > Rise of Greece |
| 776 | First Olympic Games [Greece] |
| 750 | Kush conquers Egypt |
| 738-700 | Assyrian Empire conquers Phoenicia and Israel; invades Judah and Philistia |
| 700 | Celtic settlements in Ireland |
| 685 | Wall construction begins in China > First segments of the Great Wall built |
| 671 | Assyrian Empire takes Egypt from Kush |
| 664 | Assyrian Empire leaves Egypt |
| 652 | Babylonian revolts in Assyrian Empire begin |
| 650 | Greek colonies along Iberian peninsula > Rise of Spain |
| 647 | Assyrian Empire conquers Elam |
| 612 | Media and Babylonians conquer Assyrian Empire > Babylonian Empire restored |
| 605 | Babylonian Empire conquers Philistia |
| 594 | Democracy established in Greece |
| 586 | Babylonian Empire conquers Judah |
| 559 | Persia conquers Media > Rise of Persian Empire [Iran and Afghanistan] |
| 543 | Year 1 in Buddhist calendar (year Buddha was born) |
| 547-518 | Persian Empire conquers Babylonian Empire, Lydia and Egypt |
| 529 | Death of Cyrus the Great |
| 521 | Death of Lao Tze > Rise of Taoism in China |
| 509 | Roman Republic established [Italy] |
| 500 | Fall of the Vedas > Rise of Hinduism in India
Tobacco leaves smoked by Native Americans
Pythagorean Theorem discovered in Greece |
| 490-479 | Persian Wars (Greece vs Persian Empire) |
| 479 | Death of Confucius |
| 477 | Death of Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) > Rise of Buddhism in India |
| 440 | Atomic theory introduced in Greece |
| 405 | Persian Empire leaves Egypt |
| 400 | Rise of the Xiongnu Empire [Mongolia and China] |
| 338 | Macedonia conquers Greece > Rise of Macedonian Empire |
| 334-332 | Macedonian Empire conquers Persian Empire and Egypt |
| 326 | Macedonian Empire invades India |
| 323 | Death of Alexander the Great > Gaul invades Macedonian Empire |
| 322 | Death of Aristotle |
| 321 | Fall of Macedonian Empire > Rise of Mauryan Empire [India and Pakistan] |
| 320 | Egypt conquers Libya |
| 300 | Rise of Moche in Mesoamerica [Mexico] |
| 279 | Gaul invades Greece |
| 264-241 | First Punic War (Roman Republic vs Carthage) |
| 261 | Mauryan Empire adopts Buddhism |
| 260 | Arabic numeric system developed in India |
| 221 | Zhou Dynasty ends in China > Qin Dynasty begins > Wall construction intensifies |
| 218-201 | Second Punic War (Roman Republic vs Carthage) |
| 206 | Qin Dynasty ends in China > Han Dynasty begins |
| 200 | Fall of Nok
Fall of Mauryan Empire
War between Xiongnu Empire and China begins |
| 150 | Earliest forms of concrete developed in the Roman Republic |
| 149-146 | Third Punic War > Roman Republic conquers Carthage |
| 146-129 | Roman Republic conquers Spain, Macedonia, Greece, Lydia and most of north Africa |
| 141 | Hasmonean Kingdom established [Israel and Palestine] |
| 110 | Silk Road connecting Roman Republic, India and China opens |
| 102 | Wall construction subsides in China |
| 64 | Roman Republic conquers Phoenicia > Province of Syria established |
| 63-47 | Roman Republic conquers Hasmonean Kingdom, Egypt and Gaul
Hasmonean Kingdom renamed Judea |
| 44 | Death of Julius Caesar |
| 27 | Roman Empire established |
| 23 | Roman Empire conquers Kush |
| A.D. | |
| 1 | Year 1 in Christian calendar (birth of Jesus; actually born a few years earlier) |
| 30 | Death of Jesus > Rise of Christianity in Judea |
| 43-70 | Roman Empire invades Britain and Germania |
| 78 | Year 1 in Hindu calendar (year Saka system became India's official calendar) |
| 100 | Kingdom of Axum established [Ethiopia]
Fall of Xiongnu Empire > Rise of the Huns [Mongolia, China and Russia] |
| 105 | Paper made in China |
| 135 | Judea and surrounding territory renamed Palestine |
| 200 | Axum conquers southern Arabia
Rise of the Goths in Germania
Huns begin migration west
Han Dynasty ends in China > Rise of Mongolia |
| 220 | Magnetic compass developed in China |
| 226 | Rise of Sassanid Empire [Iran] |
| 250 | Rise of the Franks in Germania |
| 297 | Roman Empire leaves Kush |
| 300 | Rise of Yamato on Japanese islands
Frankish settlements in Roman province of Gaul [France] |
| 312 | Roman Empire adopts Christianity > Fall of Druidism |
| 320 | Gupta kingdom established in India |
| 337 | Death of Constantine the Great |
| 343 | Buddhism introduced in China |
| 350 | Axum conquers Kush |
| 376 | Huns invade Germania > Goths migrate south |
| 395 | Eastern Roman Empire becomes Byzantium
Goths invade Roman Empire |
| 407 | Roman Empire leaves Britain > Rise of the Angles and Saxons [UK] |
| 441 | Hun invasions of Roman Empire begin |
| 450 | Kingdom of Ghana established in western Africa |
| 453 | Death of Atilla the Hun |
| 476 | Goths [et al.] conquer Roman Empire |
| 481 | Rise of Frankish Empire in Gaul and western Germania |
| 488 | Kingdom of Italy established |
| 520 | Zen school of Buddhism founded in China |
| 534-565 | Byzantium conquers upper Mediterranean and north Africa |
| 539 | War between Byzantium and Sassanid Empire begins |
| 550 | Fall of Gupta kingdom |
| 552 | Fall of the Huns
Buddhism introduced in Yamato |
| 600 | Rise of the Turks in Mongolia and western China |
| 618 | Tang Dynasty begins in China |
| 622 | Year 1 in Islamic and Persian calendars (year of Muhammad's migration to Medina) |
| 632 | Death of Muhammad > Rise of Islam in Arabia > Rise of Muslim Empire |
| 635-670 | Muslim Empire takes the Middle East and north Africa from Byzantium |
| 642 | Muslim Empire conquers Sassanid Empire |
| 650 | Islam introduced to China and India
Germanic settlements throughout Britain |
| 700 | Fall of Axum |
| 710 | Yamato rule ends > Empire of Japan established |
| 711 | Muslim Empire invades Iberian peninsula and upper Mediterranean > Fall of the Goths |
| 748 | Block printing in China |
| 792 | Rise of the Vikings [Denmark, Norway and Sweden] |
| 792-795 | Vikings invade Germania and Britain |
| 800 | Frankish Empire becomes Holy Roman Empire [France, Germany, et al.] |
| 814 | Death of Charlemagne |
| 815 | Viking settlements in Iceland |
| 843 | Kingdoms of France and Scotland established |
| 850 | Earliest forms of gunpowder developed in China |
| 855 | Vikings establish state of Russia |
| 865 | Viking invasions of England and Scotland begin |
| 885 | Vikings invade France > Rise of the Normans |
| 907 | Tang Dynasty ends in China
Russia attacks Byzantium |
| 924 | Turks begin migration to the Middle East
Unified Kingdom of England established [UK] |
| 960 | Northern Song Dynasty begins in China |
| 982 | Viking settlements in North America [Greenland and Canada] |
| 1001 | Muslim Empire invades southern Asia [Pakistan and India] |
| 1030 | Death of Mahmud of Ghazni |
| 1055 | Turks invade Muslim Empire > Turks adopt Islam |
| 1066 | Normans conquer the Vikings |
| 1076 | Muslim Empire conquers Ghana |
| 1095-1099 | First Crusade (England, Holy Roman Empire and Byzantium vs Muslim Empire) |
| 1127 | Northern Song Dynasty ends in China > Southern Song Dynasty begins |
| 1139 | Kingdom of Portugal established |
| 1150 | Rise of Inca in South America [Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina] |
| 1192 | Shogunate established in Japan |
| 1200 | Islam introduced to southeast Asia [Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia] |
| 1206 | Mongol Empire established |
| 1227 | Death of Genghis Khan (Temujin) |
| 1235 | Rise of the Mali Empire in western Africa |
| 1240 | Mongol Empire conquers Russia > Golden Horde established
Sukhothai Kingdom established in southeast Asia [Thailand and Cambodia] |
| 1250 | Rise of Mamluk Empire [Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria] |
| 1258 | Mongol Empire conquers Muslim Empire |
| 1271-1272 | Final Crusade (Europe vs Mamluk and Mongol Empires) |
| 1280 | Mongol Empire conquers China > Yuan Dynasty begins |
| 1281 | Mongol Empire invades Japan |
| 1288 | Gun and cannon developed in China |
| 1300 | Fall of Maya > Rise of the Aztecs (Tenochca) [Mexico] |
| 1350 | Fall of the Mali Empire > Rise of the Songhai Empire |
| 1351 | Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) established in southeast Asia [Thailand and Myanmar] |
| 1368 | Fall of Yuan Dynasty in China > Ming Dynasty begins > Wall construction intensifies |
| 1405 | Death of Tamerlane > Fall of the Mongol Empire |
| 1415 | Portuguese colonies in western Africa [Morocco] |
| 1438 | Kingdom of Ayutthaya conquers Sukhothai Kingdom |
| 1440 | Printing press with movable type developed in Holy Roman Empire |
| 1445 | African slave trade begins in Europe |
| 1453 | Turks conquer Byzantium > Rise of Ottoman Empire |
| 1480 | Fall of the Golden Horde > Rise of the Tsars in Russia |
| 1486 | Toungoo kingdom established in southeast Asia [Myanmar] |
| 1492 | Kingdom of Spain established
Spanish colonies in North America [Dominican Republic] |
| 1500 | Portuguese colonies in South America [Brazil] |
| 1510 | Portuguese colonies in southern Asia [India] |
| 1517 | Ottoman Empire conquers Mamluk Empire
Protestant Reformation begins in Holy Roman Empire |
| 1521 | Spain conquers the Aztecs |
| 1522 | Circumnavigation of the world completed |
| 1526 | Rise of Mogul Empire in India |
| 1533 | Spain conquers Inca |
| 1548 | Spain abolishes slavery |
| 1581 | Rise of the Dutch [Netherlands] |
| 1591 | Fall of the Songhai Empire |
| 1600 | English colonies in India |
| 1602 | Dutch colonies in southeast Asia [Indonesia] |
| 1605 | French colonies in North America [Canada] |
| 1606 | English colonies in North America [USA] |
| 1608 | Refracting telescope invented in Italy > Earth proven not at center of the universe |
| 1609 | Dutch colonies in North America [USA] |
| 1613 | Romanov Dynasty begins [Russia] |
| 1619 | African slaves in North America |
| 1644 | Ming Dynasty ends in China > Qing Dynasty begins > Great Wall construction ends |
| 1648 | Dutch Republic established [Netherlands]
Taj Mahal constructed in India |
| 1652-1654 | First Anglo-Dutch War (England vs Dutch Republic) |
| 1660-1666 | Laws of motion and gravity determined in England |
| 1664-1667 | Second Anglo-Dutch War (England vs Dutch Republic) |
| 1665 | Cells observed under a microscope in England |
| 1701 | Kingdom of Prussia established [Germany and Poland] |
| 1707 | United Kingdom of Great Britain established |
| 1712 | Practical steam engine developed in the United Kingdom |
| 1747 | State of Afghanistan established |
| 1752 | Fall of Toungoo kingdom > Konbaung kingdom established |
| 1756-1763 | Seven Years War (UK and Prussia vs France, Spain, Austria and Russia) |
| 1767 | Konbaung kingdom conquers kingdom of Ayutthaya |
| 1775-1783 | Revolution in British American colonies > United States of America established |
| 1788 | British colonies in Australia |
| 1789-1793 | Revolution in France > Republic of France established |
| 1794 | France abolishes slavery |
| 1801 | Union of UK and Ireland |
| 1805 | France annexes Italy and invades Austria > Rise of French Empire |
| 1806 | French Empire invades Prussia > Fall of Holy Roman Empire |
| 1808 | USA and UK abolish slave trade
French Empire annexes Spain |
| 1811-1826 | Latin American War of Independence (Central/South America vs Spain) |
| 1812 | French Empire invades Russia |
| 1812-1814 | War of 1812 (UK vs USA) |
| 1814 | UK, Prussia, Austria and Russia conquer French Empire |
| 1815 | German Confederation established west of Prussia [Germany] |
| 1818 | Kingdom of Zulu established [South Africa] |
| 1821 | Death of Napoleon Bonaparte
Electric motor built in UK
Antarctica discovered by USA, UK and Russia
Railroad line constructed in the United Kingdom |
| 1821-1823 | Revolution in Spain > Republic of Mexico established |
| 1821-1829 | War of Liberation (Greece vs Ottoman Empire) > Kingdom of Greece established |
| 1825 | Photographs produced in France |
| 1829 | Mexico abolishes slavery |
| 1830 | Basic structure of organic cells determined |
| 1834 | UK abolishes slavery |
| 1837 | Electric telegraph developed in the USA |
| 1839-1842 | Opium War (UK vs China) |
| 1840 | British colonies in New Zealand
Zulu kingdom becomes Zululand |
| 1846-1848 | Mexican War (USA vs Mexico) |
| 1849 | Speed of light measured in France |
| 1850-1864 | Taiping Rebellion in China |
| 1853-1856 | Crimean War (Ottoman Empire, UK and France vs Russia) |
| 1856-1860 | Anglo-Chinese War (UK and France vs China) |
| 1857 | Fall of Mogul Empire |
| 1859 | Theory of Natural Selection introduced |
| 1861 | Russia abolishes slavery |
| 1864-1885 | Russia annexes most of central Asia |
| 1865 | USA abolishes slavery |
| 1867 | UK leaves North America > Federation of Canada established |
| 1868 | Kingdom of Austria-Hungary established [Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia] |
| 1869 | Suez Canal opens in Egypt |
| 1870-1871 | Franco-Prussian War (France vs Prussia and German Confederation) |
| 1871 | Prussia and German Confederation form the German Empire |
| 1872 | Motion pictures produced in USA |
| 1876 | Telephone invented in USA |
| 1876-1878 | Russo-Turkish War (Russia vs Ottoman Empire) |
| 1878 | Kingdom of Bulgaria established
State of Romania established |
| 1879 | Practical electric light bulb developed in USA
UK conquers Zululand |
| 1879-1884 | War of the Pacific (Chile vs Bolivia and Peru) |
| 1882 | Kingdom of Serbia established [Serbia/Montenegro and Macedonia] |
| 1885 | Gasoline-powered automobile built in German Empire
UK conquers Konbaung kingdom |
| 1889 | Republic of Brazil established
Steel-framed building constructed in USA |
| 1890 | Radio signals transmitted and received in Italy |
| 1894-1895 | Sino-Japanese War (China vs Japan) |
| 1896 | Radioactivity discovered > Existence of atomic particles proven |
| 1898 | Spanish-American War (Spain vs USA) |
| 1900 | Theories of quantum physics introduced |
| 1903 | Practical airplane built in USA |
| 1904-1905 | Russo-Japanese War (Russia vs Japan) |
| 1908 | Oil strike in the Middle East [Iran] |
| 1911 | Qing Dynasty ends > Republic of China established |
| 1912 | State of Albania established |
| 1912-1913 | Balkan Wars [Serbia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire] |
| 1914 | Panama Canal opens
Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia
Russia allies with Serbia > German Empire allies with Austria-Hungary
German Empire attacks Russia, France and Belgium > First World War begins
UK and Japan declare war on German Empire
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria ally with German Empire and Austria-Hungary |
| 1915 | Theory of general relativity introduced |
| 1917 | USA declares war on German Empire |
| 1917-1922 | Revolution in Russia > Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established |
| 1918 | German Empire surrenders > First World War ends
Fall of Ottoman Empire > UK and France occupy the Middle East and north Africa
Serbia renamed Yugoslavia
State of Czechoslovakia established [Czech Republic and Slovakia]
Republics of Germany, Austria, Hungary and Poland established |
| 1920 | League of Nations established |
| 1922 | UK leaves Egypt |
| 1923 | Republic of Turkey established |
| 1925 | Theories of quantum mechanics introduced |
| 1927 | Television signals broadcast and received
Big Bang theory introduced |
| 1929 | Stock Market crashes > Worldwide economic depression begins |
| 1931 | Republic of Spain established
Japan invades China > Japan begins annexation of east Asia |
| 1932 | Unified Kingdom of Saudi Arabia established |
| 1936 | Axis alliance established [Germany and Italy] |
| 1938 | Germany annexes Austria |
| 1939 | Germany annexes Czechoslovakia and invades Poland > Second World War begins
UK, France, Australia, New Zealand and Canada declare war on Germany
USSR invades Poland and Finland > USSR expelled from League of Nations |
| 1940 | Axis annexes most of continental Europe and north Africa
USSR annexes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Second World War initiates worldwide economic recovery
Japan allies with the Axis |
| 1941 | Germany invades USSR and Yugoslavia
Japan attacks USA > USA declares war on Japan
Germany declares war on USA > USA allies with UK |
| 1943 | Republic of Lebanon established |
| 1944 | Jet airplane developed |
| 1944-1945 | USA, UK and USSR (et al.) conquer Axis > Death of Adolph Hitler |
| 1945 | Nuclear weapons tests in USA
USA conquers Japan with nuclear weapons > Second World War ends
League of Nations dissolved > United Nations established
International Monetary Fund established |
| 1946 | Fully electronic computer developed
World Bank established
Republic of Italy established
Syrian Arab Republic established |
| 1946-1949 | Revolution in China > People's Republic of China established |
| 1946-1954 | First Indochina War (France vs Vietnam) |
| 1947 | UK leaves southern Asia > Nations of India, Pakistan and Myanmar established
Jet airplane flys faster than speed of sound |
| 1948 | State of Israel established
Republic of Ireland established
USSR annexes Czechoslovakia |
| 1949 | The Netherlands leaves Indonesia
Nuclear weapons tests in USSR > Cold War begins
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan established
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) established
German Democratic Republic (East Germany) established
North Atlantic Treaty Organization established |
| 1950 | USSR and China form alliance |
| 1950-1953 | Korean War (South Korea and USA vs North Korea and China) |
| 1951 | USA and Japan sign security treaty |
| 1952 | Nuclear weapons tests in UK |
| 1953 | Death of Joseph Stalin |
| 1954 | Republic of Indonesia established |
| 1954-1962 | Algerian War of Independence (France vs Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) |
| 1955 | Warsaw Pact established |
| 1956-1959 | Revolution in Cuba |
| 1957 | Unmanned satellite launched from USSR orbits Earth |
| 1958 | Republic of Iraq established |
| 1959 | Microchip developed |
| 1960 | Nuclear weapons tests in France |
| 1961 | Manned spacecraft launched from USSR orbits Earth
Basic structure of DNA determined
State of Kuwait established |
| 1961-1975 | Second Indochina War (South Vietnam and USA vs North Vietnam) |
| 1964 | Nuclear weapons tests in China |
| 1965 | Indo-Pakistan War (India vs Pakistan) |
| 1966 | Unmanned spacecraft launched from USA lands on Moon |
| 1967 | Six-Day War (Israel vs Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq) |
| 1969 | Manned spacecraft launched from USA lands on Moon |
| 1970 | Unmanned spacecraft launched from USA lands on Venus |
| 1970-1972 | World Trade Center constructed [USA] |
| 1971 | Manned space station constructed |
| 1972 | East Pakistan renamed Bangladesh |
| 1973 | Yom Kippur War (Israel vs Egypt and Syria) |
| 1974 | Unmanned spacecraft launched from USA lands on Mars
Hellenic Republic of Greece established |
| 1975 | Personal computers developed |
| 1978 | Test-tube baby born
Egypt and Israel sign peace treaty |
| 1979 | Islamic Republic of Iran established
USSR invades Afghanistan |
| 1980-1988 | Iran-Iraq War |
| 1982 | Israel invades Lebanon |
| 1985 | Hole in ozone layer discovered over Antarctica |
| 1987 | USA and USSR sign nuclear weapons treaty |
| 1989 | Rise of al-Qaeda terrorist network [Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan]
USSR leaves Afghanistan |
| 1990 | Reunification of East and West Germany > Federal Republic of Germany established
Iraq invades Kuwait |
| 1991 | Persian Gulf War (United Nations Coalition vs Iraq) > Iraq leaves Kuwait
Fall of USSR > Russian Federation established > Cold War ends
Warsaw Pact dissolved
States of Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia established |
| 1992 | South Africa adopts civil rights reforms
Czechoslovakia divides into Czech Republic and Slovakia
Republic of Macedonia established |
| 1993 | European Union established
Terrorists explode bomb in World Trade Center [USA] |
| 1994 | World Trade Organization established
Palestinian National Authority established [Palestine] |
| 1995 | Planets outside solar system discovered |
| 1996 | Adult sheep cloned |
| 1997 | UK leaves Hong Kong [China]
Unmanned mobile explorer launched from USA lands on Mars |
| 1998 | Nuclear weapons tests in Pakistan and India
al-Qaeda bombs American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania
United Nations inspectors leave Iraq |
| 1999 | NATO invades Yugoslavia
Human chromosome decoded
USA leaves Panama |
| 2000 | Israel leaves Lebanon
Chemical composition of human genes determined > Human genome sequenced
150 world leaders gather for the Millennium Summit of the United Nations |
| 2001 | Unmanned spacecraft launched from USA lands on an asteroid
al-Qaeda attacks USA (World Trade Center destroyed) > USA invades Afghanistan |
| 2002 | North Korea announces nuclear weapons development program
United Nations inspectors return to Iraq |
| 2003 | Yugoslavia renamed Serbia and Montenegro
USA, UK, Spain and Australia invade Iraq > Terrorism intensifies worldwide |
| 2004 | al-Qaeda allies with Iraqi insurgency > War in Iraq intensifies
Terrorists attack Spain
Spain leaves Iraq
Tsunamis devastate coastal regions in southeast Asia (over 250,000 casualties) |
| 2005 |
Syria leaves Lebanon
Terrorist bombings in United Kingdom, Egypt, Jordan, Indonesia, et al. |
| 2006 |
War in Iraq intensifies further as civil war begins
Brief war between Israel and Lebanon-based militia
Violence in Sudan intensifies as casualty count passes 200,000 |
| 2007 |
Oil prices rise at extraordinary rate > Global economic crisis begins
USA suffers most casualties in Iraq since war began
|
| 2008 |
Water found on Mars
Bank failures in USA push global economic crisis to critical level
First non-white person elected USA head of state
Israel invades Gaza in response to years of sporadic rocket attacks |
| 2012 |
Mayan calendar Long Count ends (the end of the known universe) |